The History of the Remington 870 Shotgun: A Comprehensive Exploration

By Derrick R. Stallings – HuntingOfficer.com

The Remington 870 shotgun is one of the most iconic firearms in the world, renowned for its reliability, versatility, and widespread use in hunting, sport shooting, law enforcement, and military applications. Since its introduction in the mid-20th century, the Remington 870 has become a standard-bearer in pump-action shotguns, setting benchmarks for durability and performance. This article delves into the development, evolution, and enduring legacy of the Remington 870.

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Origins and Development

The story of the Remington 870 begins in the post-World War II era, a time when the firearms industry was undergoing significant transformation. By the 1940s, Remington Arms Company was a well-established manufacturer, known for producing firearms such as the Model 31 shotgun. However, the Model 31, despite its excellent quality, struggled to compete with the Winchester Model 12, which dominated the pump-action shotgun market at the time.

To address this competitive gap, Remington’s leadership sought to create a shotgun that combined quality, affordability, and ease of manufacturing. The company’s lead designers, L. Ray Crittendon, Phillip Haskell, Ellis Hailston, and G. E. Pinckney, were tasked with designing a new shotgun that would be both innovative and cost-effective.

The result was the Model 870 “Wingmaster,” introduced in 1950. This new design incorporated several features from its predecessor, the Model 31, such as a smooth pump-action mechanism, but it also utilized modern production techniques. The receiver was made from milled steel for durability, and interchangeable parts simplified manufacturing and repair. The Remington 870 was an immediate success, combining the craftsmanship of earlier firearms with advancements in mass production.

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Features and Innovations

The Remington 870 was celebrated for its robust and versatile design. Key features included:

1. Pump-Action Mechanism: The smooth, reliable pump-action was a hallmark of the 870, allowing shooters to chamber rounds quickly and efficiently.
2. Interchangeable Parts: Designed with ease of manufacturing in mind, the 870 used interchangeable parts, which reduced production costs and made repairs simpler.
3. Durable Construction: The milled steel receiver provided unmatched strength, while the twin action bars ensured smooth operation and prevented jamming.
4. Versatility: The 870 was offered in a variety of barrel lengths, finishes, and calibers, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

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Early Reception and Market Impact

The Remington 870 was an instant hit upon its release. Hunters and sports shooters praised its reliability and performance, while its relatively low price made it accessible to a broad audience. The gun’s success also contributed to Remington’s dominance in the shotgun market, as the 870 soon outpaced competitors like the Winchester Model 12 in terms of sales.

By 1966, just 16 years after its introduction, the Remington 870 became the best-selling shotgun in history, with over one million units sold. This achievement marked the beginning of its legendary status.

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Evolution and Variants

Over the decades, the Remington 870 underwent numerous adaptations and refinements to meet the needs of different users. Some of the most notable variants include:

1. Remington 870 Police: Designed for law enforcement, this model featured a shorter barrel and rugged construction for tactical use. It became a staple for police departments across the United States.
2. Remington 870 Marine Magnum: This version was designed for use in harsh, wet environments, featuring a nickel-plated finish to resist corrosion.
3. Remington 870 Express: Introduced as a more affordable alternative to the Wingmaster, the Express model used less-polished finishes and synthetic materials, appealing to budget-conscious consumers.
4. Remington 870 Tactical: Equipped with features like extended magazines, pistol grips, and Picatinny rails, this model was tailored for home defense and military applications.
5. Remington 870 Super Magnum: This variant allowed the use of 3.5-inch shells, catering to hunters seeking maximum power for waterfowl and turkey hunting.

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The Remington 870 in Law Enforcement and Military Use

The Remington 870 quickly gained popularity among law enforcement and military personnel due to its reliability and adaptability. Its robust design and simple operation made it ideal for high-stress situations. The 870 Police Magnum, in particular, became a favorite among police forces, offering features such as reinforced stocks and shorter barrels for close-quarters combat.

In the military, the Remington 870 was used by the U.S. Armed Forces, particularly during the Vietnam War. Its ruggedness and effectiveness in jungle environments solidified its reputation as a combat-worthy shotgun.

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Cultural Impact and Popularity

The Remington 870’s widespread use extends beyond practical applications. It has appeared in countless movies, television shows, and video games, cementing its place in popular culture. Films like The Terminator and Jurassic Park featured the 870 prominently, showcasing its iconic design and versatility.

The shotgun’s presence in video games, from Call of Duty to Resident Evil, further contributed to its recognition among younger generations.

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Challenges and Legacy

Despite its enduring popularity, the Remington 870 faced challenges in the 21st century. The bankruptcy of Remington Arms in 2020 led to uncertainty about the future of the 870. However, the shotgun’s immense popularity ensured that production continued under new ownership, and it remains a staple in the firearms market.

As of today, over 11 million Remington 870 shotguns have been produced, making it the best-selling shotgun of all time. Its combination of reliability, affordability, and versatility has ensured its place as a timeless classic.

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Conclusion

The Remington 870 shotgun is more than just a firearm—it’s a piece of history. From its innovative design in 1950 to its status as a cultural icon, the 870 has left an indelible mark on the world of firearms. Whether in the hands of a hunter, a police officer, or a soldier, the Remington 870 continues to prove its worth as one of the most reliable and versatile shotguns ever made. Its legacy is one of innovation, adaptability, and unparalleled success, securing its place as a true legend in the world of firearms.

*AI was used in the creation of this post